Bunion & Hammertoe Specialists

01

What Are Bunions?

A bunion, or hallux valgus, is a bony bump that forms at the base of the big toe, where the toe joint protrudes outward and the big toe leans toward the second toe. Over time, this misalignment can lead to swelling, redness, and pain, particularly when wearing tight or narrow shoes. Bunions can also develop on the outside of the foot near the base of the little toe, a condition known as a bunionette or tailor’s bunion.

Common Causes of Bunions

Genetics: Inherited foot structure, such as flat feet or overly flexible joints, can predispose individuals to bunions.
Improper Footwear: Wearing shoes that are too tight, narrow, or have high heels places excessive pressure on the toe joint, contributing to bunion formation.
Foot Injuries: Trauma or repetitive stress to the toe joint may result in misalignment.
Medical Conditions: Certain conditions, such as arthritis, can weaken the joint and contribute to the development of bunions.

Education and Prevention

Choose Proper Footwear: Wear shoes with a wide toe box, low heels, and adequate arch support to reduce pressure on the toe joint.
Monitor Foot Changes: Pay attention to any changes in foot shape or the appearance of a bunion, as early intervention can help slow progression.
Maintain a Healthy Weight: Reducing excess pressure on the feet can help prevent or slow the development of bunions.
Strengthening and Stretching Exercises: Exercises to strengthen the foot muscles and improve joint flexibility may reduce stress on the big toe joint.

Treatment Options for Bunions

Conservative Treatments:

Padding and Taping: Protective padding or toe spacers can reduce friction and relieve pressure, while taping can help realign the toe.
Orthotics: Custom-made or over-the-counter orthotic devices can provide arch support and redistribute pressure away from the bunion.
Anti-Inflammatory Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce pain and inflammation.
Ice Therapy: Applying ice to the bunion can provide relief from pain and swelling.

Surgical Options:

For severe or persistent bunions that do not respond to conservative treatments, surgery may be necessary to correct the alignment of the toe joint.

02

What Are Hammertoes?

Hammertoes are a common deformity where one or more of the smaller toes become bent at the middle joint, causing the toe to resemble a hammer. This condition can be flexible in its early stages, meaning the toe can still be straightened, but it may become rigid and more painful over time if left untreated. Hammertoes often cause discomfort, especially when wearing tight shoes, and can lead to corns, calluses, or sores due to friction.

Common Causes of Hammertoes

Improper Footwear: Shoes that are too tight, narrow, or have high heels force the toes into a bent position, contributing to hammertoe formation.
Muscle Imbalances: When the muscles and tendons in the toe are out of balance, they can pull the toe into a bent position over time.
Genetics: Some people inherit a foot structure that predisposes them to hammertoes, such as having flat feet or high arches.
Trauma or Injury: Previous injuries to the toe, such as stubbing or fracturing, can lead to hammertoe development.
Medical Conditions: Arthritis, diabetes, or neuromuscular diseases can weaken or alter the function of the muscles and joints in the foot, increasing the risk of hammertoes.

Education and Prevention

Wear Proper Footwear: Choose shoes with a wide toe box, low heels, and adequate cushioning to avoid putting unnecessary pressure on the toes.
Avoid Prolonged Use of High Heels: Minimize wearing high heels or tight-fitting shoes that force the toes into unnatural positions.

Treatment Options for Hammertoes

Conservative Treatments:

Padding and Cushioning: Corn and callus pads can reduce friction and protect the toes from further irritation.
Orthotics: Custom orthotics or shoe inserts can provide support, redistribute pressure, and help correct muscle imbalances.
Toe Splints or Taping: These can help realign the toes and alleviate discomfort, particularly in flexible hammertoes.
Anti-Inflammatory Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers can help reduce swelling and pain.

Surgical Options:

For severe or rigid hammertoes that do not respond to conservative treatments, surgery may be necessary. Procedures may involve releasing or lengthening tight tendons, realigning bones, or even removing a small portion of bone to straighten the toe.